Characterization of the F198S prion protein mutation: Enhanced glycosylation and defective refolding

Prion diseases are associated with the accumulation of a misfolded, protease resistant form of the prion protein, PrP^res. In humans there are a variety of different prion related diseases that are sporadic, inherited, or acquired by infection. Gerstmann-Straussler-Sheinker syndrome (GSS) is an inherited prion disease in which PrP^{res} accumulates as amorphous aggregates as well as in amyloid plaques. GSS has been associated with a variety of point mutations in the prion protein: 102, 105, 117, 131, 145, 187, 198, 202, 212, 217, and 232. The F198S mutation was discovered in a large Indiana kindred. Previous studies in vitro have shown that the 198 mutation results in structural instability of the prion protein. In the current study, we demonstrate in a cell model that the F198S mutant protein can be folded properly in a cellular context, but is unable to refold to a native state after denaturation. Further, the F198S mutation significantly affects glycosylation of the mutant protein.