@article{104b5173bb884c40aac495f6cd6be1c6,
title = "Diatoms abound in ice-covered Lake Erie: An investigation of offshore winter limnology in Lake Erie over the period 2007 to 2010",
abstract = "The limnology of offshore Lake Erie during periods of extensive (> 70%) ice cover was examined from ship borne sampling efforts in 2007 to 2010, inclusive. Dense and discrete accumulations of the centric filamentous diatom Aulacoseria islandica (> 10 μg Chl-a/L) were located in the isothermal (< 1 °C) water column directly below the ice and only detectable in the ship wake; viable phytoplankton were also observed within ice. Evidence from these surveys supports the notions that winter blooms of diatoms occur annually prior to the onset of ice cover and that the phytoplankton from these blooms are maintained in the surface waters of Lake Erie and reduce silicate concentrations in the lake prior to spring. The mechanisms by which high phytoplankton biomass rise at this time of year requires further investigation, but these winter blooms probably have consequences for summer hypoxia and how the lake responds to climate change.",
keywords = "Aulacoseira islandica, Bloom, Diatom, Ice, Lake Erie, Winter",
author = "Twiss, {M. R.} and McKay, {R. M.L.} and Bourbonniere, {R. A.} and Bullerjahn, {G. S.} and Carrick, {H. J.} and Smith, {R. E.H.} and Winter, {J. G.} and D'souza, {N. A.} and Furey, {P. C.} and Lashaway, {A. R.} and Saxton, {M. A.} and Wilhelm, {S. W.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study would not have been possible without the support of the captain and crew of the CCGS Griffon and personnel from the Canadian Coast Guard (Central Region) for assistance in coordinating our winter surveys. We also are indebted to the efforts of Technical Operations personnel from Environment Canada who facilitated sample collection under adverse conditions. We thank George Leshkevitch (NOAA-GLERL) for sharing archived ice coverage data. We are grateful to R. Lowe (BGSU) for assistance with algal identification. We acknowledge support from A. Dove (Environment Canada) for contributing nutrient analysis through NLET, R. Sterner and S. Brovold (Univ. Minnesota) for providing CHN analysis, M.M.D. Al-Rshaidat for assistance with algal enumerations, Sue Watson (Environment Canada) for the use of a PAM fluorometer, and B. Beall, J. Harrison and D.E. Smith for assistance with field work in 2010. Funding was provided by grants from the Lake Erie Protection Fund (RMLM) and Ohio Sea Grant (RMLM and GSB), New York Sea Grant ( R-CE-29 ) to MRT and SWW, and a grant from Pennsylvania Sea Grant to HJC; vessel expenses for 2010 were supported in part by a grant from NOAA-OAR to MRT and in part by Environment Canada in all years. This is Contribution No. 9 of the CMU Institute for Great Lakes Research and Clarkson University Institute for a Sustainable Environment Contribution No. 545. ",
year = "2012",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.jglr.2011.12.008",
language = "English",
volume = "38",
pages = "18--30",
journal = "Journal of Great Lakes Research",
issn = "0380-1330",
publisher = "Journal of Great Lakes Research",
number = "1",
}
