Early readmissions of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in the USA: Insights into an emerging challenge

Background and Aim: Early readmissions of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) are often associated with poor outcomes. We compared characteristics and outcomes for index and 30-day readmissions of SBP in the USA. Methods: We analyzed the Nationwide Readmissions Database for 2018 to identify all adult (≥ 18 years) 30-day readmissions of SBP in the USA. Hospitalization characteristics and outcomes for index and 30-day readmissions of SBP were compared. Independent predictors of 30-day readmissions were also identified. Results: In 2018, of the 5,797 index admissions for SBP, 30% (1726) were readmitted within 30 day. At the time of readmission, the most common admitting diagnosis was alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver with ascites (11.8%) followed by sepsis due to an unspecified organism (9.2%). SBP as an admitting diagnosis was identified for only 8.3% of these 30-day readmissions. Compared with index admissions, 30-day readmissions of SBP had a lower mean age (56.1 vs 58.6 years, P < 0.001) without a statistically significant difference for gender. Furthermore, 30-day readmissions of SBP were associated with significantly higher odds of inpatient mortality (10% vs 4.9%, OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.66–2.79, P < 0.001), and mean total hospital charge ($85,031 vs $56,000, mean difference: 29,032, 95% CI: 12,867–45,197, P < 0.001) compared with index admissions. The presence of chronic pulmonary disease, liver failure, inpatient dialysis, and discharge against medical advice were identified as independent predictors for increased 30-day readmissions of SBP. Conclusion: The 30-day readmission rate of SBP was 30% and these readmissions were associated with higher odds of inpatient mortality compared with index admissions.