TY - JOUR
T1 - Evidence for the onset of mining activities during the 13th century in Poland using lead isotopes from lake sediment cores
AU - Babos, Heidi B.
AU - Black, Stuart
AU - Pluskowski, Aleks
AU - Brown, Alex
AU - Rohrssen, Megan
AU - Chappaz, Anthony
N1 - Funding Information:
The research leading to the results has received funding from the European Union 's Seventh Framework Programme ( FP7/2007-2013 ) under grant agreement no. 263735 , The Ecology of Crusading. A.C. thanks the U.S. National Science Foundation (Award EAR-1503596 ) for funding this research. A.C. acknowledges the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund ( ACS-PRF 54583-DNI2 ) for supporting this research. H.B. thanks the Earth and Ecosystem PhD program from Central Michigan University for its support. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
Funding Information:
The research leading to the results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 263735, The Ecology of Crusading. A.C. thanks the U.S. National Science Foundation (Award EAR-1503596) for funding this research. A.C. acknowledges the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (ACS-PRF 54583-DNI2) for supporting this research. H.B. thanks the Earth and Ecosystem PhD program from Central Michigan University for its support. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2019/9/15
Y1 - 2019/9/15
N2 - Efforts to study how human activities have influenced the environment since the end of the Roman period to present day are lacking for North Central Europe. Here, we present new lead (Pb) isotope data determined from two sediment cores collected from ancient lakes spanning the last 1500 years, located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. Study sites at Radzyń Chełmiński and Rywałd were used to differentiate Pb sources. Radzyń Chełmiński is located in the vicinity of a late Medieval Teutonic Order castle and town, while Rywałd is situated within a relatively pristine area until the 19th century when it became used for agricultural purpose. Core samples were analyzed for Pb concentration and isotopes (206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb). Bayesian modeling was used to isolate the anthropogenic signal at each site over time. For both sites, Pb enrichment factors relative to titanium (Ti) and upper continental crust values range from 13 to 159. Lead isotopic ratios range from background, pre-anthropogenic local values (206Pb/207Pb = 1.31 ± 0.03‰, 208Pb/206Pb = 1.97 ± 0.04‰) to anthropogenic values (SW Poland coal, ore, slag 206Pb/207Pb = 1.17 ± 0.01‰, 208Pb/206Pb = 2.09 ± 0.01‰). Modeled anthropogenic contribution varies greatly over time, ranging from 14 to 100%. At Radzyń Chełmiński, modeled anthropogenic Pb contribution and measured Pb concentration follow similar trends. However, at Rywałd, from around A.D.1000 to 1400 CE these profiles diverge significantly. Our new insights highlight different sources of Pb from the 12th century to present day: (1) short range agricultural activities from the town, and (2) long range mining activities. Additionally, prior to the 12th century, our data suggest continental anthropogenic activity possibly favored by a warmer climate.
AB - Efforts to study how human activities have influenced the environment since the end of the Roman period to present day are lacking for North Central Europe. Here, we present new lead (Pb) isotope data determined from two sediment cores collected from ancient lakes spanning the last 1500 years, located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. Study sites at Radzyń Chełmiński and Rywałd were used to differentiate Pb sources. Radzyń Chełmiński is located in the vicinity of a late Medieval Teutonic Order castle and town, while Rywałd is situated within a relatively pristine area until the 19th century when it became used for agricultural purpose. Core samples were analyzed for Pb concentration and isotopes (206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb). Bayesian modeling was used to isolate the anthropogenic signal at each site over time. For both sites, Pb enrichment factors relative to titanium (Ti) and upper continental crust values range from 13 to 159. Lead isotopic ratios range from background, pre-anthropogenic local values (206Pb/207Pb = 1.31 ± 0.03‰, 208Pb/206Pb = 1.97 ± 0.04‰) to anthropogenic values (SW Poland coal, ore, slag 206Pb/207Pb = 1.17 ± 0.01‰, 208Pb/206Pb = 2.09 ± 0.01‰). Modeled anthropogenic contribution varies greatly over time, ranging from 14 to 100%. At Radzyń Chełmiński, modeled anthropogenic Pb contribution and measured Pb concentration follow similar trends. However, at Rywałd, from around A.D.1000 to 1400 CE these profiles diverge significantly. Our new insights highlight different sources of Pb from the 12th century to present day: (1) short range agricultural activities from the town, and (2) long range mining activities. Additionally, prior to the 12th century, our data suggest continental anthropogenic activity possibly favored by a warmer climate.
KW - Anthropogenic
KW - Isotopes
KW - Lead
KW - Medieval
KW - Sediments
KW - Sources
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85066139514&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.177
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.177
M3 - Article
C2 - 31146063
AN - SCOPUS:85066139514
VL - 683
SP - 589
EP - 599
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
SN - 0048-9697
ER -