Management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in the absence of randomized controlled trials

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a clinical syndrome causing patients to experience light-headedness, palpitations, tremors, and breathlessness upon assuming an upright posture. Despite the absence of available long-term, multicenter, randomized controlled trial data, this literature review aims to concisely present the nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions that have been used in the treatment of POTS reported to date by cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and retrospective studies. We attempt to classify treatments as first-, second-, and third-line therapies based on our own experience and available data.