@article{48be82aedc064f9b907221513786fa4d,
title = "Mitochondrial genomes provide insight into interfamilial relationships within Pycnogonida",
abstract = "Pycnogonida, or sea spiders, is a speciose clade with over 1300 described species that is especially diverse in the Southern Ocean. Evolutionary patterns within sea spiders remain unresolved between and within the eleven putative, extant families due to shared morphological traits and highly reduced forms. A consensus phylogeny of recognized families is still debated, and previous work based on various methodologies has produced contrasting hypotheses of relationships. To better understand phylogenetic relationships between major clades of sea spiders, we constructed a dataset of mitochondrial genome data from representatives of all eleven currently recognized families. Herein, we find that the order of mitochondrial protein-coding genes is consistent between all sampled sea spiders, even though arrangement of tRNA genes, as well as placement and length of the control region, varies. The presence of large non-coding introns present in multiple families indicates that pycnogonid mitochondrial genomes have a fast evolutionary rate. Our results suggest a new, familial-level phylogeny within Pycnogonida, with a monophyletic clade containing Callipallenidae and Nymphonidae placed as the sister clade to all other recognized families.",
keywords = "Antarctica, Mitochondrial genome, Phylogeny, Sea spider, mtDNA",
author = "Zehnpfennig, {J. R.} and Varney, {R. M.} and Halanych, {K. M.} and Mahon, {A. R.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the National Science Foundation (NSF ANT-1043670 to ARM, NSF ANT-1043745, and OPP-0132032 to KMH) for the funding to collect the specimens and perform the research. This research was made possible with assistance from the captains and crews of multiple cruises sponsored by the U.S. Antarctic Program (NBP12-10, LMG13-12, LMG04-14, LMG06-05, NPB20-10). We also thank Madeline Armstrong and E.E. Collins for assistance in the completion of this study. We also thank Dr. Bonnie Bain and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments to improve this manuscript. Additional support for this work to J.R. Zehnpfennig was provided by the Central Michigan University College of Science and Engineering through an Earth and Ecosystem Sciences Ph.D. research assistantship. Funding Information: Funding for this research was supported by NSF grants (NSF ANT-1043670 to ARM, NSF ANT-1043745, and OPP-0132032 to KMH). This research was supported by the Earth and Ecosystem Science PhD program at Central Michigan University. Funding Information: We thank the National Science Foundation (NSF ANT-1043670 to ARM, NSF ANT-1043745, and OPP-0132032 to KMH) for the funding to collect the specimens and perform the research. This research was made possible with assistance from the captains and crews of multiple cruises sponsored by the U.S. Antarctic Program (NBP12-10, LMG13-12, LMG04-14, LMG06-05, NPB20-10). We also thank Madeline Armstrong and E.E. Collins for assistance in the completion of this study. We also thank Dr. Bonnie Bain and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments to improve this manuscript. Additional support for this work to J.R. Zehnpfennig was provided by the Central Michigan University College of Science and Engineering through an Earth and Ecosystem Sciences Ph.D. research assistantship. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.",
year = "2022",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1007/s00300-022-03085-6",
language = "English",
volume = "45",
pages = "1513--1522",
journal = "Polar Biology",
issn = "0722-4060",
publisher = "Polar Biology",
number = "9",
}