Preventing pushout: The role of supportive versus punitive practices for LGBT youth of color

Recently, schools have focused on supportive (e.g., behavioral supports) rather than punitive (e.g., suspension) strate- gies to reduce school pushout among marginalized youth. We examined the association between suspension and disci- pline practices for students with intersecting identities (e.g., LGBT youth of color). We used teacher and student data from 1,091 schools that participated in the California School Climate and California Healthy Kids Surveys. Relative to White LGBT youth, LGBT youth of color were at higher risk of being suspended, and youth were differentially affected by punitive policies depending on their race, sexual orientation, and/or gender identity. While supportive strategies were associated with lower risk of suspension, punitive practices were associated with higher risk of suspension, espe- cially for LGBT youth of color.