@article{f4a15c4c83254c50af347f2a3fb9e015,
title = "Seeing in different ways: Introducing {"}rich pictures{"}in the study of expert judgment",
abstract = "In this article we explore the value of using visual data in a study on medical expert judgment to better understand medical experts' conceptualizations of complex, challenging situations. We use examples from a larger study on medical expertise in which rich pictures and interviews were used. The three stories presented in this article belong to experts in the domain of surgery. The stories are used to show the ways in which rich pictures can capture and elucidate potentially hidden aspects of the influence of the context in surgical experts' judgment during challenging operations. We suggest that incorporating visual representations such as rich pictures as research data can aid in understanding previously unarticulated constructions of medical expertise. We conclude that when the researcher strives for capturing complexity, visual methods have the potential to help medical experts deflect from their tendency to simplify descriptions of accounts and to meaningfully engage these individuals in the research process.",
keywords = "complexity, qualitative analysis, research, qualitative, surgery, visual methods",
author = "Sayra Cristancho and Susan Bidinosti and Lorelei Lingard and Richard Novick and Michael Ott and Tom Forbes",
note = "Funding Information: The use of visual methods, in this case rich pictures, allowed us to capture experts{\textquoteright} perspectives on the multiple dimensions of challenging situations. In the domain of surgery, visual methods helped address three issues that commonly surface in interview-only research with experts: the tendency to simplify descriptions of complex situations, the tendency to focus on the procedural dimension of a situation, and verbalization barriers. The use of visual metaphors constituted a powerful language that surgeons found helpful in depicting the real complexity of the situation; therefore, the three issues were greatly reduced. Furthermore, visual methods seemed to increase engagement between researchers and participants, allowing for a more comfortable environment in which experts used the drawing activity as an opportunity to coconstruct their experiences by regarding researchers as meaningful participants. As a qualitative study, this process promoted reciprocity, reflexivity, and trustworthiness as markers of rigor ( Harrison et al., 2001 ). From our experience with expert surgeons, we suggest that combining interviews with visual data will facilitate a more thorough understanding of and the generation of richer theoretical accounts of complex phenomena. Declaration of Conflicting Interests The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Canadian Institutes of Health Sciences (CIHR), Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC). 1. “Return-of-finding” refers to follow-up meetings with participants in which preliminary findings are discussed to achieve consensus in the interpretation and analysis of the data. 2. Conceptual dimensions of systems engineering: System structure (nested systems, dimensions), system functions and purposes (intentions, contradictions, dilemmas), systems dynamics and evolution (feedback loops, flow, emergence), multiple-causality, simultaneity. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2014.",
year = "2015",
month = may,
day = "4",
doi = "10.1177/1049732314553594",
language = "English",
volume = "25",
pages = "713--725",
journal = "Qualitative Health Research",
issn = "1049-7323",
publisher = "Qualitative Health Research",
number = "5",
}
