Transformational Learning: Nine Principles for Improving the Adult Learner Experience in Short-Term Study Abroad Programs

Traditional short-term study abroad programs typically designed for an undergraduate audience fall short for adult learners. This article explores the research findings from two studies focused on the adult learner and transformational learning experiences in short-term study abroad settings and nine principles to improve the adult learner experience. The principles emerged from the findings of a dissertation study conducted in Beijing, China, 2008 and were then utilized in the design of a second study conducted in Ireland, 2009. Data synthesized from participant interviews, surveys, and journal summaries support the validity of the nine principles and provide insight into the essence of transformational learning experiences for adults. The principles and subsequent recommendations provide a framework for designing an effective adult leaner study abroad experience and can be used to build the capacity for this age group through standards of best practice. Keywords: Transformational learning; adult learning theory; short-term study abroad; globalization