@article{35b619fc1d3243f2b2814428f48967d7,
title = "Two-dimensional ice mapping of molecular cores",
abstract = "We present maps of the column densities of H2O, CO2 and CO ices towards the molecular cores B 35A, DC 274.2-00.4, BHR 59 and DC 300.7-01.0. These ice maps, probing spatial distances in molecular cores as low as 2200 au, challenge the traditional hypothesis that the denser the region observed, the more ice is present, providing evidence that the relationships between solid molecular species are more varied than the generic picture we often adopt to model gas–grain chemical processes and explain feedback between solid phase processes and gas phase abundances. We present the first combined solid–gas maps of a single molecular species, based upon observations of both CO ice and gas phase C18O towards B 35A, a star-forming dense core in Orion. We conclude that molecular species in the solid phase are powerful tracers of {\textquoteleft}small-scale{\textquoteright} chemical diversity, prior to the onset of star formation. With a component analysis approach, we can probe the solid phase chemistry of a region at a level of detail greater than that provided by statistical analyses or generic conclusions drawn from single pointing line-of-sight observations alone.",
keywords = "Astrochemistry, ISM: clouds, ISM: molecules, Stars: formation",
author = "Noble, {J. A.} and Fraser, {H. J.} and Pontoppidan, {K. M.} and Craigon, {A. M.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work is based on observations with AKARI, a JAXA project with the participation of ESA. The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope has historically been operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre on behalf of the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the National Research Council of Canada and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. Based on observations carried out under project numbers 088-07, 090-08 and 178-09 with the IRAM 30-m Telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). JAN acknowledges the financial support of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851, the University of Strathclyde, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community{\textquoteright}s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement no. 238258 (LASSIE). HJF and JAN are grateful to EU funded COST Action CM0805 {\textquoteleft}The Chemical Cosmos: Understanding Chemistry in Astronomical Environments{\textquoteright} for a funding contribution towards the final production of this work. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors.",
year = "2017",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/mnras/stx329",
language = "English",
volume = "467",
pages = "4753--4762",
journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
issn = "0035-8711",
publisher = "MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY",
number = "4",
}